Mechanistic Aspects of Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Several Microbes

While a large number of microbial species are capable of producing metal NPs, mechanism of nanoparticle biosynthesis is very important. The metabolic complexity of viable microorganisms complicates the analysis and identification of active species in the nucleation and growth of metal NPs. Strategies such as enzymatic oxidation or reduction, sorption on the cell wall and, in some cases, subsequent chelating with extracellular peptides or polysaccharides have been developed and used by microorganisms. Some species can control the membrane transport of heavy metals towards, or their active efflux from, the cell. Metal ion resistance via transport and passive mechanisms leading to extracellular precipitation is more characteristic for prokaryotes.[1,2] in this article we study several enzymes have important role in nanoparticle synthesis by microorganisms.